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1 bloomery iron
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2 bloomery iron
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > bloomery iron
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3 bloomery iron
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4 bloomery iron
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5 bloomery iron
Техника: кричное железо -
6 bloomery iron
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7 bloomery iron
(met) oţel de fuziune -
8 bloomery iron
• желязо, получено по директен метод -
9 bloomery
n тех. уст. кричный горн -
10 bloomery
кричный горн; домница -
11 iron
1) железо, Fe3) чугун5) мн. ч. железные изделия7) паяльник8) утюг9) струг; скобель11) аппарат для термосклеивания, аппарат для термосваривания ( плёночных упаковок)•-
acid-Bessemer pig iron
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acid-resistant cast iron
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alloyed cast iron
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alloy cast iron
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alpha iron
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annealed sheet iron
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armco iron
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back iron
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backing iron
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band iron
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bar iron
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bark iron
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basic Bessemer pig iron
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basic pig iron
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bearing cast iron
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Bessemer pig iron
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beta-iron iron
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black iron
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black sheet iron
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black-heart malleable iron
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blast-broken iron
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bloomery iron
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blowing iron
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box iron
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branding iron
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break iron
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bundle iron
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bunting iron
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calker's iron
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carbonyl iron
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case-hardened cast iron
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cast iron
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charcoal pig iron
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chilled cast iron
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cinder-dump iron
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climbing irons
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coke iron
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coke pig iron
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cold pig iron
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cold-short iron
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commercial iron
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commercially pure iron
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compacted vermicular graphite cast iron
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corbeling iron
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corrugated iron
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cupola malleable iron
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cutting iron
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delta iron
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dog iron
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double-T iron
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dressing iron
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drop-broken iron
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dry iron
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electric iron
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electric soldering iron
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electrical pig iron
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electrolytic iron
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enameling iron
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equal-angle iron
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eutectic cast iron
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ferric iron
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ferritic malleable iron
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flake graphite iron
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flakish graphite cast iron
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flat iron
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flattening iron
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foundry pig iron
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foundry iron
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galvanized iron
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gamma iron
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gathering iron
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grab iron
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gray cast iron
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grooving iron
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grozing iron
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gun iron
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hack iron
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hatchet iron
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heat-resistant cast iron
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high-duty cast iron
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hip iron
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H-iron
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hoop iron
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hydrogen-purified iron
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hypereutectic cast iron
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hypoeutectic cast iron
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ingot iron
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inoculated cast iron
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ladle-button irons
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ladle-treated iron
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laminated sheet iron
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lightly mottled gray pig iron
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lightly mottled pig iron
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L-iron
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low-expansion cast iron
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low-manganese iron
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low-phosphorus iron
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malleable cast iron
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manganese iron
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metallic iron
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mirror iron
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muck iron
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natural alloy iron
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Ni-resist cast iron
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Ni-tensile iron
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open-grained cast iron
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open-hearth pig iron
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pearlitic malleable iron
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phosphoric iron
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pig iron
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planting iron
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press iron
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reclaimed iron
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rig irons
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roll-foundry iron
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roofing iron
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scrap iron
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scribing iron
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sheet iron
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short-cycle malleable iron
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shot iron
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silicon iron
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slag iron
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sluggish iron
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soldering iron
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sow iron
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spherulitic iron
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spiegel iron
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sponge iron
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steely iron
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sticking-up iron
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synthetic iron
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tapping iron
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Thomas pig iron
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Thomas iron
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transformer iron
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tree iron
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ungraded iron
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waste iron
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wedge-shaped iron
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white pig iron
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white iron
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zone-purified iron -
12 кричное железо
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13 Theophilus Presbyter
[br]fl. late eleventh/early twelfth century[br]German author of the most detailed medieval treatise relating to technology.[br]The little that is known of Theophilus is what can be inferred from his great work, De diversis artibus. He was a Benedictine monk and priest living in north-west Germany, probably near an important art centre. He was an educated man, conversant with scholastic philosophy and at the same time a skilled, practising craftsman. Even his identity is obscure: Theophilus is a pseudonym, possibly for Roger of Helmarshausen, for the little that is known of both is in agreement.Evidence in De diversis suggests that it was probably composed during 1110 to 1140. White (see Further Reading) goes on to suggest late 1122 or early 1123, on the grounds that Theophilus only learned of St Bernard of Clairvaulx's diatribe against lavish church ornamentation during the writing of the work, for it is only in the preface to Book 3 that Theophilus seeks to justify his craft. St Bernard's Apologia can be dated late 1122. No other medieval work on art combines the comprehensive range, orderly presentation and attention to detail as does De diversis. It has been described as an encyclopedia of medieval skills and crafts. It also offers the best and often the only description of medieval technology, including the first direct reference to papermaking in the West, the earliest medieval account of bell-founding and the most complete account of organ building. Many metallurgical techniques are described in detail, such as the making of a crucible furnace and bloomery hearth.The treatise is divided into three books, the first on the materials and art of painting, the second on glassmaking, including stained glass, glass vessels and the blown-cylinder method for flat glass, and the final and longest book on metalwork, including working in iron, copper, gold and silver for church use, such as chalices and censers. The main texts are no mere compilations, but reveal the firsthand knowledge that can only be gained by a skilled craftsman. The prefaces to each book present perhaps the only medieval expression of an artist's ideals and how he sees his art in relation to the general scheme of things. For Theophilus, his art is a gift from God and every skill an act of praise and piety. Theophilus is thus an indispensable source for medieval crafts and technology, but there are indications that the work was also well known at the time of its composition and afterwards.[br]BibliographyThe Wolfenbuttel and Vienna manuscripts of De diversis are the earliest, both dating from the first half of the twelfth century, while the British Library copy, in an early thirteenth-century hand, is the most complete. Two incomplete copies from the thirteenth century held at Cambridge and Leipzig offer help in arriving at a definitive edition.There are several references to De diversis in sixteenth-century printed works, such as Cornelius Agrippa (1530) and Josias Simmler (1585). The earliest printed edition ofDe diversis was prepared by G.H.Lessing in 1781 with the title, much used since, Diversarium artium schedula.There are two good recent editions: Theophilus: De diversis artibus. The Various Arts, 1964, trans. with introd. by C.R.Dodwell, London: Thomas Nelson, and On Diverse Arts. The Treatise of Theophilus, 1963, trans. with introd. and notes by J.G.Harthorne and C.S.Smith, Chicago University Press.Further ReadingLynn White, 1962, "Theophilus redivivus", Technology and Culture 5:224–33 (a comparative review of Theophilus (op. cit.) and On Diverse Arts (op. cit.)).LRD
См. также в других словарях:
bloomery iron — luitinė geležis statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Korėta Fe masė šlaku užpildytomis poromis. atitikmenys: angl. ball iron; bloomery iron rus. кричное железо … Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
Bloomery, Hampshire County, West Virginia — Bloomery is an unincorporated hamlet in Hampshire County in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Bloomery is located along the Bloomery Pike (West Virginia Route 127), northwest of Winchester, Virginia. According to the 2000 census, the Bloomery… … Wikipedia
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Iron age — Iron I ron ([imac] [u^]rn), a. [AS. [=i]ren, [=i]sen. See {Iron}, n.] [1913 Webster] 1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust. [1913 Webster] 2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness. [1913 Webster] 3. Like iron in … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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Iron crown — Iron I ron ([imac] [u^]rn), a. [AS. [=i]ren, [=i]sen. See {Iron}, n.] [1913 Webster] 1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust. [1913 Webster] 2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness. [1913 Webster] 3. Like iron in … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Iron flint — Iron I ron ([imac] [u^]rn), a. [AS. [=i]ren, [=i]sen. See {Iron}, n.] [1913 Webster] 1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust. [1913 Webster] 2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness. [1913 Webster] 3. Like iron in … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Iron founder — Iron I ron ([imac] [u^]rn), a. [AS. [=i]ren, [=i]sen. See {Iron}, n.] [1913 Webster] 1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust. [1913 Webster] 2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness. [1913 Webster] 3. Like iron in … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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